by Andréia Maria de Lima Assunção Exhibition "Gordon Parks - I Am America" at IMS Paulista. Photo by Julia Thompson. Recently, I had the opportunity to experience part of Gordon Parks’ (1912-2006) photographic archive. During the visit, I encountered records made between the 1940s and 1970s, in the midst of the horror of racial segregation in the United States. His photographs bring to life scenes ranging from the beauty of daily life in Harlem and rural Alabama to liberation

By Marcella Winter Normalistas (student teachers) from the Escola da Praça, future IE Caetano de Campos, demonstrating manual labor; 1909. (Caetano de Campos Collection; CRE M. Covas) Have you ever reflected on how the social roles assigned to teachers and mothers intertwine in the history of education? Since Early Childhood Education—long known as "maternal" (nursery)—the care and education of children have been predominantly carried out by women. In the early years of Eleme