By Marcella Winter Normalistas (student teachers) from the Escola da Praça, future IE Caetano de Campos, demonstrating manual labor; 1909. (Caetano de Campos Collection; CRE M. Covas) Have you ever reflected on how the social roles assigned to teachers and mothers intertwine in the history of education? Since Early Childhood Education—long known as "maternal" (nursery)—the care and education of children have been predominantly carried out by women. In the early years of Eleme